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在日本做一点 AdSense 副收入,要不要確定申告?住民税和签证更新会不会麻烦?

最近我想清楚了一个问题: 如果人在日本工作,主业是公司工资,同时自己做 YouTube、博客、AdSense 之类的副收入,那么这笔钱到底要怎么处理? 尤其是金额不大的时候,比如每个月 8,000 日元左右。 说多不多,说少也不是完全没有。问题就来了: 这要不要確定申告? 住民税是不是也一起申告了? 公司帮我办签证更新时,会不会因为这个副业变麻烦? 这篇就按一个普通在日上班族的视角,把这个问题整理一下。 一、確定申告和住民税,不是两件完全分开的事 很多人一开始会以为: 確定申告是所得税,住民税是另一套,所以要分别报两次。 其实不是完全这样。 原则上,如果你做了所得税的確定申告,申告资料会从税务署传送给地方自治体。也就是说,市区町村会根据你的確定申告内容来计算住民税。国税厅也明确说明,提交所得税等的確定申告后,申告书资料会以数据形式送到地方公共团体,因此通常不需要再另外提交住民税申告书。( 国税厅 ) 所以可以粗暴理解为: 做了確定申告,并且把副业所得写进去,就等于住民税方面也有资料了。 不过要注意,这里说的是“申告资料一起过去”,不是“税一起交完”。 所得税是向国税交。 住民税是之后由你住民票所在地的市区町村计算,再通知你缴纳。 二、住民税是怎么交的? 如果你是普通上班族,本职工资对应的住民税通常是公司从工资里天引き,也就是「特別徴収」。 但副业部分,比如 AdSense、YouTube 广告收入、个人网站收入,如果你不希望它混进公司工资天引き里,可以在確定申告时选择: 給与、公的年金等以外の所得に係る住民税の徴収方法 自分で納付 意思就是: 工资以外的所得对应的住民税,由我自己交。 这样之后市区町村通常会给你寄纳付书。 你可以拿着纳付书去便利店交,也可以用手机支付、地方税お支払サイト、银行窗口等方式缴纳。简单说,就是收到单子后自己交。 这里最重要的是: 「自分で納付」不是逃税,而是选择副业部分住民税的缴纳方式。 三、20 万日元以下是不是不用管? 这是最容易误解的地方。 日本常说: 上班族副业所得 20 万日元以下,可以不用確定申告。 这个说法只说对了一半。 更准确地说,是: 一处工资收入者,工资和退职所得以外的所得合计超过 20 万日元时,通常需要做所得税的確定申告。 国税厅的副业確定申告资料中也提到,副业等所得超过 20 万日元时,需要確定申告。( 国税厅 )...

How to use coin laundry in Japan?

There are roughly three standard coin-operated washing machines in Japan.

Coin Washer (4.5kg)

One is like this:

Coin Washer (4.5kg)

This is the most basic and typical washing machine in a small coin laundry. 

Things you need to pay attention to:

You shouldn't put your clothes into the washer directly.

First, you need to press the shower button(シャワーボタン) just right after the coin is inserted. (This action is to make the washing machine self-cleaning.)

After the washing machine finishes self-cleaning, you need to open the lid and put the clothes and detergent into the washer.

Then put down the lid of the washer, just ok.

You must wait until the countdown is over before taking out the laundry.

Detailed instructions 

In fact, there are detailed instructions on the back of its lid.

It says:

  1. You must first confirm whether other people's clothes are in the laundry bucket.
  2. You can only put 100 yen coins.
  3.  And 4, that's what I said before.

When 「ソフト剤投入ランプ」(Soft agent lamp) flashes, put in the soft agent. It will flash when there are 9 ~ 7 minutes left. (Well, this actually depends on whether you use the agent. Anyway, I don't use this. So when I put my clothes and detergent in, I left directly.)


Coin Washer (9.0kg)

The bigger one:

Coin Washer (9.0kg)

This washing machine is straightforward to use. 

First, put the clothes in, then put in three 100-coins, and press the start button.

But maybe you need to choose a mode:

Choose mode

There are several modes for you to choose from.

  • Green: dirty degree, ordinary, medium, extremely dirty.
  • Red: cleaning mode, towels, clothes, delicate items.
  • Blue: water temperature, hot water, warm water, water.

After choosing, press the スタート(start) button.

(You don't need to bring washing liquid here because the washer automatically puts in a special detergent.)

 

Washer Dryer Combo

Here is what it looks like:

Washer Dryer Combo

It has four options:

  1. Standard course
  2. Small quantity course
  3. Wash only course
  4. Dry only course

The panel of Washer Dryer Combo

You can see two red buttons. The small red button on the left is "self-cleaning," and the large red button on the right is "Start." You just need to press the start button directly after selecting a course.

Of course, whether to carry out self-cleaning depends entirely on you. Please don't put clothes in before self-cleaning. 

If you want to wash directly, please put your clothes in and then press the button. (And this washer also doesn't need detergent.)

But I don't recommend using this washing machine because it's expensive and inefficient. For example, when you have more clothes, it is easy to see that your trousers legs are not dry, like this:

The legs of my jeans are still wet

Look, the legs of my jeans are still wet. I paid 700 yen for the "Small quantity course." 

But I can spend 300 yen on washing and 200 yen on drying on other machines, which will be better.


Clothes Dryer

There are two kinds of dryers here, one for small laundries and the other for large laundries.

The small dryers (7kg)
Dryer's Instructions

I recommend dryers in the large laundry because their prices are the same, and large dryers have a better effect and can adjust the temperature. And the large dryer looks like this:

The large dryers (14kg)

Although its capacity is twice as small, its efficiency is good. (It usually takes 20 minutes for the clothes to be dried completely. Medium temperature.)

The large dryers' buttons

The method of using it is also straightforward. First, select the temperature, and then press the start button. Of course, you have to put the clothes in first.

Change machine

It doesn't matter if you don't have change. There are usually change machines in large laundries.



Laundry rules

  • Don't use wet coins.
  • Don't eat in the laundry.
  • Please take the laundry out in time when it is done.
  • Before using the washer, take out the clothes others left inside. (Please put them in the basket prepared by the laundry.)
  • Don't put dry clothes in the dryer. It's dangerous.
  • Don't have paper balls or cotton and other inflammable in your clothes.
  • Please check that you haven't put the lighter in before using the dryer. (Other explosive items are also not allowed.)
  • Do not put clothes in the washing machine when it is self-cleaning.
  • Don't put your shoes in the washing machine.


Shoe Washing Machine

Yes, there are special shoe washing machines in large laundries.

Shoe washer

Its usage is not different from that of the machine I introduced above.

Shoe washer instruction

Generally, there are only 1 or 2 shoe washing machines in a large laundry. Because it isn't commonly used. And this machine is specially used to wash sneakers.

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