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在日本做一点 AdSense 副收入,要不要確定申告?住民税和签证更新会不会麻烦?

最近我想清楚了一个问题: 如果人在日本工作,主业是公司工资,同时自己做 YouTube、博客、AdSense 之类的副收入,那么这笔钱到底要怎么处理? 尤其是金额不大的时候,比如每个月 8,000 日元左右。 说多不多,说少也不是完全没有。问题就来了: 这要不要確定申告? 住民税是不是也一起申告了? 公司帮我办签证更新时,会不会因为这个副业变麻烦? 这篇就按一个普通在日上班族的视角,把这个问题整理一下。 一、確定申告和住民税,不是两件完全分开的事 很多人一开始会以为: 確定申告是所得税,住民税是另一套,所以要分别报两次。 其实不是完全这样。 原则上,如果你做了所得税的確定申告,申告资料会从税务署传送给地方自治体。也就是说,市区町村会根据你的確定申告内容来计算住民税。国税厅也明确说明,提交所得税等的確定申告后,申告书资料会以数据形式送到地方公共团体,因此通常不需要再另外提交住民税申告书。( 国税厅 ) 所以可以粗暴理解为: 做了確定申告,并且把副业所得写进去,就等于住民税方面也有资料了。 不过要注意,这里说的是“申告资料一起过去”,不是“税一起交完”。 所得税是向国税交。 住民税是之后由你住民票所在地的市区町村计算,再通知你缴纳。 二、住民税是怎么交的? 如果你是普通上班族,本职工资对应的住民税通常是公司从工资里天引き,也就是「特別徴収」。 但副业部分,比如 AdSense、YouTube 广告收入、个人网站收入,如果你不希望它混进公司工资天引き里,可以在確定申告时选择: 給与、公的年金等以外の所得に係る住民税の徴収方法 自分で納付 意思就是: 工资以外的所得对应的住民税,由我自己交。 这样之后市区町村通常会给你寄纳付书。 你可以拿着纳付书去便利店交,也可以用手机支付、地方税お支払サイト、银行窗口等方式缴纳。简单说,就是收到单子后自己交。 这里最重要的是: 「自分で納付」不是逃税,而是选择副业部分住民税的缴纳方式。 三、20 万日元以下是不是不用管? 这是最容易误解的地方。 日本常说: 上班族副业所得 20 万日元以下,可以不用確定申告。 这个说法只说对了一半。 更准确地说,是: 一处工资收入者,工资和退职所得以外的所得合计超过 20 万日元时,通常需要做所得税的確定申告。 国税厅的副业確定申告资料中也提到,副业等所得超过 20 万日元时,需要確定申告。( 国税厅 )...

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